Kazakh Ballet Star Adamzhan to Perform at ‘Roberto Bolle and Friends’ Gala in Dubai 

ALMATY – Kazakh principal dancer Bakhtiyar Adamzhan will perform at the prestigious “Roberto Bolle and Friends” gala at Dubai Opera on Nov. 6, reported Astana Opera’s press...


Success is Measured in Meaning, not Power: Finnish President Stubb Tells Kazakh Students

ASTANA — President of Finland Alexander Stubb met with students of Astana-based Maqsut Narikbayev University on Oct. 29, where politics met philosophy. Addressing young Kazakh students, he...


ADB and Green Climate Fund Launch $3.5B Regional Program to Tackle Glacial Melt Impacts

ALMATY — The Green Climate Fund (GCF) has approved $250 million for Glaciers to Farms program, a flagship adaptation initiative led by the Asian Development Bank (ADB)...


Kazakh Champion Golovkin Nominated for World Boxing Presidency

ALMATY — Olympic silver medalist, Chair of the World Boxing Olympic Committee, and President of Kazakh National Olympic Committee Gennadiy Golovkin has been officially named among the...


Kazakhstan, US Review Strategic Ties and Regional Agenda to Bolster Cooperation

ALMATY — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met on Oct. 29 with the United States Special Envoy for South and Central Asia Sergio Gor and First Deputy Secretary of...


Kazakhstan, Afghanistan Advance Industrial Cooperation, Plan New Transit Corridor

ALMATY — The third Kazakhstan–Afghanistan Business Forum and Afghan Goods Exhibition opened in Shymkent on Oct. 28, bringing together more than 180 Afghan entrepreneurs and representatives from...


Kazakh Artists Join Global Creative Exchange Through British Council Grant Program

ALMATY – Five Kazakh artists and organizations have been selected to receive the British Council’s 2025 Connections Through Culture (CTC) grants, joining 127 global projects aimed at...


US Special Envoy and Deputy Secretary of State Arrive to Kazakhstan 

ALMATY — The United States Special Envoy for South and Central Asia Sergio Gor and Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau held a series of meetings in...


Kazakh and Chinese FMs Eye New Horizons in Trade, Energy, and Connectivity

ALMATY – Kazakhstan and China reaffirmed their commitment to deepening strategic partnership and outlined new steps to enhance cooperation in trade, energy, transport, and cultural exchange during...


Kazakhstan and Finland Seek Fresh Momentum as Business Forum Signals Deeper Ties

ASTANA – Kazakhstan–Finland business forum on Oct. 28 in Astana marked a new chapter in strengthening strategic, economic, and technological ties between the two nations. Held as...


Decade of Energy Alliance Strengthens Ties with EU, Says Kazakh Minister

ASTANA — Kazakhstan has become an indispensable part of Europe’s energy security, said Kazakh Minister of Energy Yerlan Akkenzhenov in an interview with The Astana Times, marking...


Sotheby’s Announces Islamic & Middle Eastern Art Sales in London, Featuring Rare Central Asian Works

ASTANA – Sotheby’s, one of the world’s oldest and most famous auction houses, will present its Islamic & Middle Eastern Art sales in London on Oct. 28–29,...


Kazakhstan-Finland Business Forum Strengthens Trade, Investment, and Technological Cooperation

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev highlighted the expansion of trade, investment, energy, transport, digital innovation, and environmental cooperation between the two countries during the Kazakhstan-Finland Business Forum...


Kazakhstan, Finland Reaffirm Strategic Partnership in Joint Statement

ASTANA — Kazakhstan and Finland reaffirmed their commitment to advancing a strategic partnership grounded in mutual respect, sustainability, and innovation, according to a joint statement adopted by...


Finland, Kazakhstan Strengthen Economic Links Through New Agreements

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and Finland signed 15 documents during the Oct. 28 official visit of President of Finland Alexander Stubb to Kazakhstan, underscoring both nations’ commitment to...


Kazakhstan to Launch Unified Fuel and Energy Management System by Year-End

ASTANA – Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov instructed the Kazakh Energy Ministry to ensure the launch of the Unified State System for Managing the Fuel and Energy Complex...


Kazakhstan Joins UN Convention to Combat Cybercrime

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has signed the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime in Hanoi, Vietnam. The document aims to strengthen international cooperation in combating crimes in the field...


Kazakhstan Advances Transport Projects to Spur Economic Growth

ASTANA – In January-August, the volume of transit traffic through Kazakhstan reached 25.81 million tons, marking a 3.2% increase compared to the same period last year, as...


Kazakhstan Welcomes Thailand–Cambodia Peace Declaration Signed at ASEAN Summit

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s Foreign Ministry has welcomed the signing of the Joint Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of the Conflict between the Kingdom of Thailand and the...


Connecting Dots: Policy Shifts, Realities and Lessons

The Asia-Pacific region has long served as a springboard for transforming socio-economic implementation gaps into development opportunities. With the 2030 deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals fast...


Kazakhstan’s Cryptocity: More Than Special Economic Zone Experiment?

Editor’s note: The Astana Times continues a section featuring articles by our readers. As a platform that values diverse perspectives and meaningful conversations, we believe that this...


Bundestag’s Stephan Mayer on How Astana and Berlin are Shaping New Energy Future

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and Germany have strong numbers to boast of when it comes to bilateral cooperation. The partnership spans a wide range of areas, including trade,...


Kazakhstan Marks International Snow Leopard Day as Population Shows Remarkable Recovery

ASTANA – Kazakhstan celebrated International Snow Leopard Day on Oct. 23, marking a significant recovery of the species, with the population doubling in recent years and reaching...


Türkiye Simplifies Hiring Rules to Boost Ties with Turkic Nations

ASTANA – Türkiye has simplified employment rules for Turkic-speaking foreigners, including citizens of Kazakhstan, by reducing bureaucracy and broadening opportunities for professional activity, reported Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Resmi...


From Inspiration to Action: Finding Ourselves in the Global Mission

As I sat in the audience at a roundtable on Oct. 24 in Almaty, titled UN Day – 80th Anniversary of the UN, I found myself quietly...


What Role Did Weapons Play in Nomadic Life

ASTANA – Weapons played a vital role in the life of nomadic peoples, serving not only in battle but also in rituals, social ceremonies, divination, oaths, and...


Kazakh Filmmaker to Direct Jackie Chan’s Blockbuster ‘Armor of God: Ultimatum’

ALMATY — Kazakh filmmaker and stunt coordinator Robert Kun has been officially named director and action choreographer for Jackie Chan’s new global project, “Armor of God: Ultimatum.”...


Karagandy Jewelry Brand Showcases Coal-Inspired Collection at Milan Fashion Week

ASTANA — A jewelry brand from Karagandy has made its debut at Milan Fashion Week with a unique collection made from stabilized coal. The brand’s founder Olga...


From Peace to Progress: Kazakhstan’s Voice at the UN’s 80th Anniversary

ALMATY — A roundtable dedicated to the United Nations (UN) Day and the 80th anniversary of the organization was held on Oct. 24 in Almaty, bringing together...


How Kazakhstan Markets Itself to Tourists Worldwide

ASTANA — Kazakhstan should strengthen international marketing to attract more foreign tourists, said acting chairman of Kazakh Tourism Daniyel Serzhanuly in an interview with Jibek Joly TV....


Coat of Arms Author Reflects on Kazakhstan’s Declaration of Sovereignty

ASTANA – This year marks the 35th anniversary of the Declaration of State Sovereignty, adopted by the Supreme Council of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) on...


Kazakhstan at 35: Art of Middle Power in New Geopolitical Reality

When Kazakhstan this year celebrates the 35th anniversary of its Declaration of State Sovereignty, it signifies far more than historical symbolism. It marks the story of how...


UN Tourism Conference in Almaty Backs Gender Equality in Sector

ASTANA — Almaty hosted the first United Nations Tourism Regional Conference on the Empowerment of Women in Tourism in Europe on Oct. 22-23, providing a platform for...


Artists Explore Cultural Origins at Astana Art Fair 2025

ASTANA – Astana Art Fair, an international contemporary art exhibition, opened on Oct. 24 at the Congress Center in Astana, presenting more than 200 works under the...


Your Guide to Republic Day Weekend: Key Events and Celebrations 

ASTANA – Kazakhstan will celebrate Republic Day on Oct. 25, honoring the Declaration of Sovereignty adopted in 1990. The Astana Times has curated a vibrant lineup of...


News Digest: Foreign Media on Kazakhstan’s Middle Power Diplomacy, Strategic Partnerships and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has selected articles from global media outlets covering Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest highlights the country’s growing international profile, from its...


New York Honors Kazakhstan with Flag-Raising Ceremony, Proclaims Kazakhstan Heritage Day

ASTANA – In the heart of Manhattan, New York City paid tribute to Kazakhstan on Oct. 22 with a flag-raising ceremony in honor of Republic Day, marked...


Tokayev Highlights Progress and Unity Ahead of Republic Day 

ASTANA — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev congratulated citizens on the upcoming Republic Day, marking 35 years since the Declaration of State Sovereignty. He expressed gratitude to the country’s...


Tokyo Win: Rybakina Nears WTA Finals Qualification

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s Elena Rybakina advanced to the quarterfinals of the WTA 500 tournament in Tokyo. World No. 7 defeated Canada’s Leylah Fernandez (No. 22) in straight...


Republic Day Marks 35 Years Since Kazakhstan’s Declaration of Statehood

ASTANA – Marking 35 years since the adoption of the Declaration of Kazakhstan’s State Sovereignty, celebrated as Republic Day on Oct. 25, political experts say the document...


Kazakhstan’s First AI School Builds Global Peer-to-Peer Learning Community

ASTANA — One year after its launch by Astana Hub, Tomorrow School, Kazakhstan’s first peer-to-peer artificial intelligence school, has evolved into a dynamic international community of 303...


Kazakhstan to Integrate Artificial Intelligence into Lawmaking Process

ASTANA – Artificial intelligence is set to become an expert assistant in Kazakhstan’s lawmaking process, as the Ministry of Justice expands its digital transformation. Deputy Minister of...


Kazakhstan Strengthens Role as Central Asia’s Leading Sunflower Oil Supplier

ALMATY — Kazakh National Association of Oilseed Processors (NAOPK) signed a memorandum of cooperation with Uzbekistan’s Fayz Oil Imports to strengthen regional trade in oil and fat...


Kazakhstan Showcases Investment Potential to International Investors in London

ALMATY — Kazakhstan presented its investment potential, economic strategy, and vision for sustainable growth at the “Kazakhstan – Diplomacy & Trade: Middle Power Countries” panel session during...


Kazakhstan to Host World Taekwondo Championships in 2027

ALMATY — Kazakhstan has officially been selected as the host country of the 2027 World Taekwondo Championships (WT), marking the first time the global competition will take...


LOT Polish Airlines Launches Direct Flights Between Almaty and Warsaw in 2026

ALMATY — LOT Polish Airlines, Poland’s national carrier, will launch direct flights, linking Almaty and Warsaw, starting May 31, 2026. During the summer season, flights will operate...


Excess Liquidity Drives Inflation in Kazakhstan, Says National Bank Governor 

ALMATY — Rising prices in Kazakhstan are primarily driven by excessive liquidity in the economy, said the National Bank of Kazakhstan (NBK) Governor Timur Suleimenov on the...


Kazakhstan Drives Industrial Modernization With 190 New Projects

ALMATY – Kazakhstan is accelerating efforts to diversify its economy and strengthen industrial competitiveness, with particular emphasis on high-value manufacturing and deep-processing projects, following an Oct. 23...


Kazakh, Russian Foreign Ministers Meet Ahead of Tokayev’s Moscow Visit

ALMATY — Kazakh Minister of Foreign Affairs Yermek Kosherbayev paid an official visit to Russia on Oct. 22 at the invitation of his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov...


EDB: Modern Warehouses to Power Central Asia’s Trade Future

ASTANA — The Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) has unveiled its strategic vision for advancing warehousing infrastructure across Central Asia and initiated the creation of the Central Asia...


Air Astana Set to Launch Direct Tokyo–Almaty Flight in 2026

ASTANA — Air Astana prepares to launch a new direct flight between Tokyo and Almaty in March 2026. A high-level meeting between Japan’s largest tour operators and...


AIFC Recognized Among Global Leaders in Digital Asset Regulation by IOSCO

ASTANA – The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) has been recognized as one of the world’s leading jurisdictions in implementing international standards for crypto and digital asset...


Kazakhstan, EU Deepen Strategic Cooperation on Connectivity, Green Energy, and Digital Transformation

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s Deputy Foreign Minister Arman Issetov participated in the ministerial meeting on advancing connectivity between Central Asia, the Eastern Partnership, Türkiye, and the EU in...


Kazakhstan Draws Strong Demand for $1.5 Billion Eurobond at Record-Low Yield

ASTANA – The Kazakh Finance Ministry has placed $1.5 billion in sovereign Eurobonds on the international capital market with a five-year maturity, achieving the lowest yield in...


Kazakhstan Boosts Grain Exports by 14%, Driven by Strong Demand in Central Asia, Caucasus

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has exported 1.6 million tons of new-harvest grain between Sept. 1 and Oct. 19, showing a 14% increase compared to the same period last...


Kazakh Grain Becomes First Transit Cargo from Azerbaijan to Armenia

ASTANA – Kazakh grain has become the first cargo to transit from Azerbaijan to Armenia, marking a symbolic step in regional relations, said President of Azerbaijan Ilham...


16 Agreements Consolidate Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan Partnership

ASTANA — Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan solidified their economic partnership with 16 agreements signed at a business forum in Astana on Oct. 21, advancing cooperation in artificial intelligence,...


Almaty Honored for Tourism Innovation and Urban Transformation at Global Tourism Forum 2025

ASTANA – Almaty has earned the Special Recognition Award for Tourism Innovation and Urban Transformation at the World Tourism Awards 2025, held during the Global Tourism Forum...


IOM Chief Shares Latest Data on Mobility in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Kazakhstan now hosts over 550,000 international migrant workers, nearly 21,000 more than in January, said International Migration Organization (IOM) Chief of Mission Serhan Aktoprak as...


Finnish President Alexander Stubb to Pay Official Visit to Kazakhstan Next Week

ASTANA – At the invitation of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Finland Alexander Stubb will pay an official visit to Kazakhstan on Oct. 28–29. During the visit,...


Kazakhstan Highlights Wildlife Recovery Efforts at IUCN Congress in Abu Dhabi

ASTANA — Kazakhstan joined more than 150 countries at the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress in Abu Dhabi on Oct. 9-15, where...


KIA Qazaqstan Launches First Full-Cycle Automobile Plant in Kostanai

ALMATY — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev inaugurated the KIA Qazaqstan automobile plant on Oct. 21 through an online conference, marking a major step in Kazakhstan’s industrial modernization and...


Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan Pledge to Double Trade, Expand Energy Cooperation

ALMATY – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev announced a new phase of cooperation at a press briefing on Oct. 21, pledging to double...


Kazakhstan to Remain Central Asia’s Growth Leader in 2025, Says IMF

ASTANA — Kazakhstan to remain Central Asia’s fastest-growing economy in 2025, expanding by 5.9%, well above the global average of 3.2%, according to the International Monetary Fund’s...


Tokayev, Aliyev Sign Cooperation Agreements to Boost Ties in Transport and Digitalization 

ALMATY — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and President Ilham Aliyev reaffirmed their commitment to deepening strategic and allied relations during the second meeting of the Supreme Interstate Council...


Astana Ballet Theater Premieres ‘Two Carpets,’ Poetic Tale of Love and Memory

ALMATY – The Astana Ballet Theater hosted the premiere of the two-act ballet “Two Carpets” on Oct. 17-18 as a large-scale production woven from the finest threads...


Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan to Advance Regional Connectivity by Deepening Strategic Partnership 

ALMATY — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev emphasized the deep historical ties and mutual trust between Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan during his meeting with President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, who...


Kazakhstan Expands Artificial Intelligence Network 

ALMATY — Kazakhstan has made significant progress in developing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies over the past three years, according to the Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital...


Kazakhstan to Launch Wi-Fi Calling in 2026, Replace 3G With 4G 

ALMATY — Kazakhstan is preparing for a mass rollout of VoWiFi (Voice over Wi-Fi) technology in 2026, a move expected to eliminate areas with weak mobile coverage...


Kazakhstan to Ensure Nationwide Internet Access by 2027 

ALMATY — Kazakhstan is set to provide all its population with high-speed internet by 2027 as part of its ambitious drive to become a fully digital nation...


Kazakhstan Ranks 44th Globally in Traffic Congestion Index

ALMATY – Kazakhstan ranked 44th out of 89 countries in the Numbeo Global Traffic Index for January-June 2025, with an overall score of 136.3 points. According to...


Kazakhstan’s New Banking Rules: Innovation or More Oversight?

ASTANA — Kazakhstan is overhauling its three-decade-old banking law in a bid to future-proof its financial system for the digital era, moving beyond a 1995 framework drafted...


Astana Marks UN Day with Orchestra Concert, Blending Kazakh Classics and Global Soundtracks

ASTANA – A full house gathered inside the main hall of the Kuanyshbayev Kazakh State Drama Theater on Oct. 17 evening in Astana, as the United Nations...


ERG to Build $1.2 Billion Hydrogen-Ready HBI Plant in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Eurasian Resources Group (ERG), a global metals and mining company, has signed a strategic contract with Primetals Technologies (Austria) and Midrex Technologies, Inc. (USA) to...


Kazakh State String Quartet Embarks on 2025 US Tour to Celebrate 30th Anniversary

ASTANA – The Kazakh State String Quartet, named after Gaziza Zhubanova, one of Central Asia’s most acclaimed chamber ensembles, will embark on a major concert tour across...


Seven Kazakh Boxers Top Inaugural World Boxing Federation Rankings

ASTANA – Seven members of Kazakhstan’s national boxing team have claimed the top spots in the World Boxing Federation’s first-ever global ranking of the best boxers. Leading...


Rybakina Captures 10th WTA Title as Kazakhstan Strengthens Global Tennis Standing

ASTANA – World No. 9 Elena Rybakina triumphed over Russia’s Ekaterina Alexandrova (WTA No. 10) in the final of the WTA 500 tournament in Ningbo, China, capturing...


Hungarian Expert Calls for Evidence-Driven Water Diplomacy at Astana Think Tank Forum

ASTANA – Marton Krasznai, scientific director of the Center for Central Asia Research at the Corvinus University of Budapest, highlighted water diplomacy as a strategic imperative for...


Almaty to Host Powerexpo 2025, Showcasing Kazakhstan’s Expanding Energy Future

ALMATY — Almaty will host Powerexpo 2025, an international exhibition dedicated to energy, electrical engineering, and power technology, on Oct. 21–23 at the Atakent Exhibition Center.  The...


Central Asia’s Demographic Dividend is Time-Bound Opportunity, Says UNFPA Expert

ASTANA – Central Asia’s vibrant youth population could become the region’s greatest asset or its greatest risk, hinging on coordinated policy action, said Fabio Losa, regional demographic...


Astana Hosts National Animation Film Week 

ASTANA – Kazakh Animation creative association at the Shaken Aimanov Kazakhfilm Studio will host the National Animation Film Week from Oct. 20 to 24 at the Kazakhstan...


Kazakhstan Advances AI, Digital Ecosystem Development Under Government’s Digital Headquarters

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is accelerating its transition into the artificial intelligence era as the Digital Headquarters, led by Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov, implements President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev’s instructions...


Global Mind: How Modern Youth Redefines Beauty of Life

When I was younger, the world felt enormous, distant, glittering, and separated by borders that existed as much in my imagination as they did on any map....


Geopolitics of Genghis Khan’s Expansion into Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Nearly 800 years after the man called Genghis Khan forged a vast empire stretching from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Caspian Sea...


Nine Young Steppe Eagles From Kazakhstan Begin First Migration Journey

ALMATY — Nine young steppe eagles tagged with GPS trackers in Kazakhstan have begun their first migration to wintering grounds, marking an international effort to study and...


German-Russian Professor Uncovers Family’s Lost History in Kazakh Steppe

ALMATY – It took more than a decade for Michael Brown, a German-Russian professor and director of graduate studies at the University of Wyoming (UW) in the...


Kazakhstan Presents Unique Yurt to TURKSOY Headquarters in Ankara

ALMATY — A delegation from Kazakhstan’s Mangystau Region has presented a unique cultural symbol, a seven-winged Kazakh yurt, to the International Organization of Turkic Culture (TURKSOY). The...


Mammoth Bones Dating Back 40,000 Years Found in Akmola Region

ALMATY – The fossils of a woolly mammoth estimated to have lived between 40,000 and 15,000 years ago have been discovered near the Novobratskoye village in the...


News Digest: Foreign Media on Kazakhstan’s Global Role – From Digital Innovation to Cultural Diplomacy and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has selected articles from global media outlets covering Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest covers the nation’s leadership in digital transformation, its...


Kazakhstan, World Bank Reaffirm Strategic Partnership for Sustainable Growth

ALMATY — Cooperation with the World Bank remains one of the key pillars of Kazakhstan’s sustainable development, said Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Economy Serik...


Tashkent Launches Construction of Central Asia’s Largest Airport

ALMATY — Uzbekistan has officially launched construction of a new international airport that is expected to become the largest in Central Asia. The ceremony took place on...


Kazakhstan, US Representatives Discuss Repeal of Jackson–Vanik Amendment

ALMATY — Kazakhstan and the United States are strengthening their economic partnership as members of the U.S. Congress reaffirmed support for repealing the decades-old Jackson–Vanik amendment in...


Kazakhstan Introduces Temporary Price Moratoriums, Business Relief Measures

ALMATY – The Kazakh government has announced a series of measures to stabilize the economy and mitigate the social impact of ongoing reforms on Oct. 16, following...


Where Fall Meets Art: This Week’s Must-See Highlights

ASTANA – There is something about fall evenings that makes art feel a little more electric. From soulful concerts to inspiring exhibitions, both Astana and Almaty offer...


Azerbaijani President to Pay State Visit to Kazakhstan

ALMATY – At the invitation of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev will pay a state visit to Kazakhstan on October 20–21. During the visit,...


American Dilemma in Central Asia: Why Does US Prevent Region from Opening Up to South?

The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations recently held hearings on the topic of the future of U.S. strategy in the Black Sea region, during which...


Kazakhstan Showcases 350 Works at Frankfurt Book Fair

ASTANA – Kazakhstan presented more than 350 books at one of the world’s largest and most prestigious publishing events, the 77th Frankfurt Book Fair (Frankfurter Buchmesse), on...


Kazakhstan Unveils Alatau City Project to Korean Investors in Seoul

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister Kanat Bozumbayev presented the Alatau City project to Korean investors during the Alatau Rise with Kazakhstan international roadshow on Oct. 15...


Tajikistan Secures $3 Billion in Investment at Dushanbe Invest-2025 Forum

ASTANA – Tajikistan signed 26 agreements worth $3.12 billion on the first day of the Dushanbe Invest-2025 International Investment Forum. According to the State Committee on Investment...


NGOs are Reliable Partners of State, Says Kazakh President

ASTANA – Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are reliable partners of state, said Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in his welcoming remarks to the plenary session of the 12th Civil...