Kazakhstan to Support Railway Construction in Afghanistan

ASTANA – Kazakh companies plan to supply rails and other materials for future railways in Afghanistan, Vice Minister of Transport Maksat Kaliakparov announced at the Transport and...


Kazakhstan to Transfer Two Airports to Trust Management

ASTANA – Airports in Turkistan and Kyzylorda will be placed under the trust management of Vietnam’s Sovico Group, Vice Minister of Transport Maksat Kaliakparov announced during the...


Year in Review: Kazakhstan’s Non-Oil Sector Fuels Economic Growth

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s economy grew by 4.4% in 2024, driven by strategic measures to diversify the economy, attract investments and bolster domestic businesses. Government initiatives focused on...


Kazakhstan Expands Air Routes Network to 22 International Destinations in 2024

ASTANA – This year, Kazakhstan has expanded its international air route network to 22 new destinations, Vice Minister of Transport Maksat Kaliakparov said at a government meeting...


Turkistan City to Receive Special Status as Spiritual and Historical Capital

ASTANA – The Mazhilis, a lower house of the Kazakh Parliament, approved in its first reading a draft law granting Turkistan the special status of the spiritual...


Tengiz, Kashagan Lead Kazakhstan’s Oil Output, Kazakh Energy Minister Reports

ASTANA – Tengiz and Kashagan oilfields have been key drivers of Kazakhstan’s oil production, with Tengiz contributing 25.9 million tons and Kashagan producing 15.8 million tons in...


Kazakhstan to Establish $1 Billion Venture Capital Fund Backed by Private Investment

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is set to establish a Fund of Venture Capital Funds, targeting $1 billion in private investment in the medium term. This was revealed during...


Grid Upgrade Crucial to Kazakhstan’s Green Energy Transition, Expert Says

ASTANA – Modernization of grid infrastructure might become a key element driving the adoption of green energy in Kazakhstan, according to Sultan Valikhanov, an expert at the...


IT Sector Results: How Digital Transformation Enhances Lives in Kazakhstan

ASTANA — Kazakhstan is advancing its digital transformation to improve public services, support innovation, accelerate economic growth, and rank among the global leaders in online services and...


Kazakhstan, Guinea-Bissau Forge Strategic Partnership for Beneficial Cooperation  

ASTANA – President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with President of Guinea-Bissau Umaro Sissoco Embaló, who arrived in Kazakhstan on an official visit on Dec. 18, to...


Kazakhstan Sees Growth in Business Activity Index

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s business activity index, based on surveys conducted by the National Bank, rose to 51.6 points by the end of November, according to National Bank...


Kazakh Chess Players Secure 10 Medals at FIDE Youth Championship in Slovenia

ASTANA – Kazakh young chess players won 10 medals, including two gold at the FIDE World Youth Rapid & Blitz Championship 2024, which took place on Dec....


Kazakhstan’s Agriculture Breaks New Records This Year

ASTANA – In January-November, the gross agricultural output increased by 13.4% with an annual plan of 11.6% and reached 7.8 trillion tenge (US$14.9 billion), said Kazakh Deputy...


Kazakhstan Enhances Efforts to Restore, Preserve Endangered Animal Species

ASTANA — Kazakh Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Yerlan Nyssanbayev discussed the restoration of the snow leopard and Przewalski’s horse populations and the preservation of rare...


Kazakhstan’s Main New Year Tree to Light Up Today

ASTANA – More than 30 New Year’s trees will be lit simultaneously in six districts of Astana at 8 p.m. local time on Dec. 18. According to...


Kazakhstan Surpasses the US, Japan, and Singapore in Anti-Money Laundering Index Ranking

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has significantly improved its standing in the independent Basel AML (anti-money laundering) Index, ranking 111th with 4.65 points and surpassing 110 nations. The ranking,...


Kazakhstan’s Strongman Tsyrulnikov Dazzles Audience at Opening Ceremony of 2024 World Weightlifting Championships

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s strongman Sergey Tsyrulnikov became the first Kazakh citizen invited to the 2024 World Weightlifting Championships opening ceremony, which took place on Dec. 6-15 in...


Azerbaijan Assumes CICA Chairmanship From Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Kazakhstan officially handed over the chairmanship in the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) for 2024-2026 term to Azerbaijan at the...


Kazakh Eco-Startups Set to Compete at UNIDO Global Event in Istanbul and COP30 in Brazil

ASTANA – Five Kazakh eco-startups have received the opportunity to represent their country at the UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) competition in Istanbul in 2025, following their...


Cargo Transport via Middle Corridor Surges to 4.1 Million Tons in 11 Months

ASTANA – The volume of cargo transported through the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), also known as the Middle Corridor, rose by 63% in the first 11...


Kazakhstan Targets 26 GW Energy Expansion by 2035

ASTANA – The Kazakh Energy Ministry has developed and approved a development plan for the energy sector until 2035, targeting the introduction of at least 26 gigawatts...


Kazakh Opera Legend Bibigul Tulegenova Celebrates 95th Birthday

ASTANA – Kazakh opera singer Bibigul Tulegenova turned 95 on Dec. 16. Almaty Mayor Yerbolat Dossayev congratulated her on behalf of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, reported the city...


Kazakhstan Takes Third Place at World Weightlifting Championships, Secures Two Golds

ASTANA — Kazakhstan placed third overall at the 2024 International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) World Weightlifting Championships, held from Dec. 6 to 15 in Manama, Bahrain  trailing behind...


Central Asia’s Nuclear Future: Opportunities, Challenges and Geopolitics

ASTANA — The National Bureau of Asian Research hosted a panel discussion titled A New Start: Central Asia’s Nuclear Potential & Peril in Washington, D.C, on Dec.12...


Kazakhstan’s Exports of Processed Goods Grow 10.2% to $23.3 Billion in 11 Months

ASTANA – Thanks to measures taken to support domestic producers and stimulate deep processing, Kazakhstan’s export of processed goods increased by 10.2%, reaching $23.3 billion from January...


World Bank Highlights Measures to Boost Inclusive Growth in Kazakhstan

ASTANA – Making fiscal policy more pro-poor, improving the quality of education, and strengthening climate resilience are critical priorities for policymakers to reduce poverty and inequality in...


Kazakhstan Reiterates Commitment to Multilateral Cooperation at World Policy Conference

ASTANA—Since gaining independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a multivector, pragmatic, and balanced foreign policy, Kazakh Deputy Foreign Minister Roman Vassilenko said at the 17th annual World Policy Conference...


Astana Celebrates Avant-garde of Germans of Kazakhstan Award Ceremony

ASTANA—The Kazakh-German Center in Astana hosted the fourth annual Avant-garde of the Germans of Kazakhstan award ceremony on Dec. 13. The ceremony honored individuals who have made...


Kazakhstan’s Chairmanship of CICA Concludes After Four Years

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s chairmanship of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) concludes on Dec. 17 at the seventh meeting of the Council of...


A Testament to Friendship: Italian Ambassador Reflects on Three Years in Kazakhstan

ASTANA—Marco Alberti, the Ambassador of Italy to Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic, reflected on his transformative three-year tenure in Kazakhstan in an exclusive interview with The Astana...


Kazakh President Congratulates Nation on Independence Day

ASTANA — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev congratulated the people on Independence Day on Dec. 16, saying that this holiday symbolizes the revival of Kazakhstan’s statehood and the embodiment...


Failure of Value-Based Politics: Implications for Central Asia

If there is one underestimated political trend that defined the global transformations of 2024, it is the erosion of value-based politics. This shift – a growing skepticism...


Record-Breaking Kazakhstan: Guinness World Records Highlighting the Nation’s Remarkable Feats

ASTANA — Kazakhstan is a country of extraordinary achievements, where vast landscapes, rich culture, and remarkable talents come together to create history. From its natural wonders to...


Turkistan: Kazakhstan’s Timeless Jewel on Silk Road

Editor’s Note: The Astana Times continues its series of articles, Exploring Kazakhstan, City by City, in the marvelous city of Turkistan. We are setting out to unveil...


Can Artificial Intelligence Threaten Humanity?

Editor’s note: The Astana Times continues a section featuring articles by our readers. As a platform that values diverse perspectives and meaningful conversations, we believe that this...


Oldest Turkic Dictionary ‘Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk’ Celebrated at UNESCO

ASTANA – The significance of the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, the “Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk” (Compendium of the languages of the Turks) was discussed at an...


Kazakh Capital to Host First Fight Nights Boxing Tournament This Month  

ASTANA – The first Fight Nights Boxing tournament will be held on Dec. 20 in Astana featuring Kazakh and foreign boxing stars. The main event of the...


Astana Becomes Central Asia’s First City to Receive Sustainable Development Certification

ASTANA – Astana has become the first city in Kazakhstan and Central Asia to receive sustainable development certification, reported akimat (city administration) press service on Dec. 13....


Kazakh Ecology Ministry Develops Interactive Map of Natural Resources

ASTANA – An interactive map of natural resources is available on the Tabigat.gov.kz website, Kazakh Deputy Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Nurlan Kurmalayev said at a...


News Digest: Foreign Media on Middle Corridor, Kazakh Language, Caspian Sea and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has curated a selection of articles from global media outlets covering Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest includes topics such as the...


Mid-December Wonders: Festive Events to Enjoy with Loved Ones

ASTANA –  The upcoming weekend will be extended in celebration of Independence Day on Dec. 16, marking 33 years since Kazakhstan’s Supreme Council declared the country’s independence...


Kazakhstan and Morocco Sign Agreement on Criminal Extradition

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and Morocco signed agreements on the extradition of criminals, on legal assistance in criminal cases, and on the transfer of convicted persons during Kazakh...


Kazakh Boxer Zhussupov Becomes Asian Elite Champion After Opponent Disqualified for Biting

ASTANA – Kazakh boxer Ablaikhan Zhussupov secured the gold medal of the ASBC Asian Elite Boxing Championships in Chiang Mai, Thailand, after the revision of the fight...


Kazakhstan Uncovers 60 Potential Metal Resource Areas in 2024

ASTANA – Geological studies in 2024 identified 60 promising areas with inferred resources of noble, non-ferrous and ferrous metals, said Chairman of the Committee of Geology of...


Kazakhstan Adds 522 Tons of Gold Reserves

ASTANA – Gold reserves on Kazakhstan’s state balance have increased by 522 tons in 2024, said Chairman of the Committee of Geology of Kazakh Ministry of Industry...


Kazakhstan Sums Up its UN Human Rights Council Membership in Geneva

ASTANA – Kazakhstan summed up the achievements of its three-year membership in the United Nation’s Human Rights Council (HRC), resulting in the adoption of two resolutions –...


Geologists Identify 15 Hydrocarbon Basins in Kazakhstan with Potential 76 Billion Tons of Fuel

ASTANA – Kazakhstan can make significant discoveries of new hydrocarbon deposits, with geologists identifying 15 sedimentary basins containing an estimated 76 billion tons of conditional fuel resources,...


President Tokayev Visits Zhetisu Region, Examines its Industrial Potential

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev reviewed the Zhetisu Region’s socio-economic development and visited its industrial zone during his working trip on Dec. 12, reported Akorda. The...


Kazakhstan’s Renewable Energy Sees Steady Growth in 2024, Energy Storage Challenges Persist

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s renewable energy sector demonstrated steady growth in 2024, though energy storage systems remain a key challenge, said experts during a roundtable discussing Kazakhstan’s progress...


British Think Tank Presents Research Report on Kazakhstan’s Strategic Importance

ASTANA – The British think tank the Henry Jackson Society presented a research report titled Understanding Kazakhstan’s Strategic Importance: A Middle Power Partner for the UK in...


Unlocking Kazakhstan’s Creative Economy: Investment Challenges and Opportunities

ASTANA—Creative Industries Alliance Qazaqstan (CIAQ) and Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System (NURIS) hosted a panel discussion on Dec. 11 in Astana. The discussions focused on investment...


Kazakh Association of Financiers Forecast GDP Growth at 4.4% 

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth is expected to reach 4.4%, the inflation rate to be 9.5%, and an exchange rate in the range of...


Four Kazakh Boxers Win Gold at Asian Elite Boxing Championships in Thailand

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s four male boxers won gold medals at the ASBC Asian Elite Boxing Championships in Chiang Mai, Thailand on Dec. 11. They are Aibek Oralbay...


Astana Hub Drives Growth in Kazakhstan’s IT Sector, With Revenues Surging to $2.3 Billion

ASTANA – The Astana Hub, Kazakhstan’s international technology park, has become a cornerstone of the country’s IT growth. Housing over 1,500 participants, including 1,102 Kazakh and 437...


Sixteen Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence Campaign Ends in Kazakhstan & Central Asia

ASTANA – Kazakhstan remains committed to combating gender-based violence and protecting the rights of women and girls, said Ambassador-at-Large and Head of the Representative Office of the...


Kazakh Government Allocates Returned Assets to Construct New School in Ulytau Region

ASTANA – The Kazakh government allocated over 1.2 billion tenge (US$2.3 million) from recovered illegally acquired assets to construct a new school for 80 students at the...


President Tokayev Presents Key Steps for Kazakhstan’s Digital Transformation

ASTANA — Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev visited the Astana Hub innovation ecosystem on Dec. 11 to learn more about the concept of the Alem.AI Artificial Intelligence Center,...


Why Kazakhstan Needs More Women in Power for Modernization

Editor’s note: The Astana Times continues a section featuring articles by our readers. As a platform that values diverse perspectives and meaningful conversations, we believe that this...


Kazakh President Holds Talks With Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Chair

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev received Chair of Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a global standard to promote the open and accountable management of oil, gas...


French University of Lorraine Opens Branch at Almaty-Based Abai University

ASTANA – France’s University of Lorraine opened its branch at Almaty-based Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University in May. The branch trains specialists in seven areas, including public...


Five Kazakh Female Boxers Win Gold at Asian Elite Boxing Championships in Thailand

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s five female boxers won gold medals at the ASBC Asian Elite Women Boxing Championships in Chiang Mai, Thailand. They are Yeldana Talipova in the...


Kazakhstan Advances Efforts to Expand Transport and Logistics Hubs

ASTANA – The Kazakh government is advancing its goal of establishing comprehensive transport and logistics hubs in Central Asia and the Caspian Region by focusing on cross-border...


Kazakhstan to Raise $10 Billion for Major Projects Over Three Years

ASTANA – Kazakhstan plans to attract US$10 billion in investments for major projects over the next three years.  This was announced at the government session with the...


Kazakhstan and Arab Nations Strengthen Strategic Cooperation

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu held a working meeting with ambassadors from Arab countries accredited in Kazakhstan to discuss enhancing cooperation...


Kazakh President Visits Industrial Enterprises During Working Visit to Aktobe Region

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev visited industrial enterprises during a Dec. 10 working visit to the Aktobe Region. Tokayev visited the Bolashak mine, which has a...


Tokayev’s Action Plan on Human Rights Spurs Systemic Reforms

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev reaffirmed Kazakhstan’s dedication to advancing human rights by approving the Third Presidential Decree, accompanied by a comprehensive Action Plan on Human Rights...


Kazakhstan’s Human Rights Progress and Challenges Discussed on Human Rights Day

ASTANA – On Human Rights Day, marked on Dec. 10, a scientific-practical conference in Astana evaluated Kazakhstan’s progress in human rights protection and addressed the challenges that...


Kazakhstan Advances Green Aviation Leadership, Says ICAO Council President 

ASTANA — Kazakhstan’s establishment of a Permanent Representative Office at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2024 has deepened its global aviation ties. ICAO Council President...


President Tokayev Tours Social Facilities in Aktobe Region

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev toured social facilities in the Aktobe Region during his Dec. 10 working visit. Tokayev visited the Khromtau mining and technical college,...


Astana to Host GCIP Kazakhstan 2024 National Forum This Week

ASTANA – Global Cleantech Innovation Program (GCIP) 2024 national forum is set to bring together leaders in ecology, sustainability and innovation on Dec. 12 in the Kazakh...


National Bank Predicts Oil Prices to Fall to $70 Per Barrel

ASTANA – The Kazakh National Bank’s November monetary policy report predicts that oil prices would decrease to $70 per barrel in the medium term owing to a...


Realities of Kazakh Youth: Navigating Globalization, Digitalization and Tradition

Editor’s note: The Astana Times continues a section featuring articles by our readers. As a platform that values diverse perspectives and meaningful conversations, we believe that this...


Kazakh Foreign Ministry Recognizes Goodwill Ambassadors Promoting Global Image

ASTANA — The Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs hosted the second ceremony of the Goodwill Ambassadors of Kazakhstan project on Dec. 9, honoring prominent figures who advance...


Kazakh Foreign Ministry’s Meeting Focuses on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s parliamentary system development foundation suggested adoption at the legislative level of a provision on a sufficient quality of life for Kazakhstan residents, its components,...


Dimash Qudaibergen’s Fans from Poland Release Polish-Kazakh Phrasebook

ASTANA – After two years of dedicated work, Dimash Qudaibergen’s Polish fan club published the country’s first Polish-Kazakh phrasebook to strengthen cultural ties and promote the Kazakh...


Kazakhstan, China Introduce Digital Cross Border Permits to Facilitate Shipments

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and China have begun exchanging digital foreign permit forms (FPFs), which allow carriers to go overseas with cargo. The Kazakh Transport Ministry reported this...


Kazakhstan Marks Progress on International Human Rights Day

ASTANA – Kazakhstan commemorates International Human Rights Day on Dec. 10, emphasizing the importance of human rights as a transformative force in addressing societal challenges. The day...


Kazakhstan Coins Celebrate Global Unity with World Painting Project

ASTANA – The Kazakh National Bank issued collectible coins in March 2024 for the World Painting project. The coins feature a fragment of the international art initiative,...


Astana Ballet’s Premiere of ‘December Rain’ – Dance Tribute to Frederic Chopin’s Love and Legacy

ASTANA – Astana Ballet theater premiered “December Rain” ballet on Dec. 6, which tells the extraordinary romantic biography of Frederic Chopin on the journey towards death. Anyone...


Kazakh Pupil Presents Fairy Tales at UNESCO Conference in Saudi Arabia

ASTANA – Platon Nechayev, an 11-year-old student from the Karagandy Region, showcased his fairy tales and educational program at the 6th International Conference on Learning Cities in...


Inflation Drops to 8.4%, Still Far from Target, Says National Bank Chairman 

ASTANA – Annual inflation slightly decreased in November to 8.4%, but it remains well above the National Bank’s target of 5%, said Chairman of the National Bank...


Kazakh Foreign Ministry Discusses Cooperation With UNICEF

ASTANA – The Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs hosted a Steering Committee meeting to coordinate the 2026-2030 Cooperation Program between the Government of Kazakhstan and the United...


Kazakhstan’s Tourism Sees Boost with 6 Million Domestic Travelers

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s tourism sector is showing steady growth, with a significant increase in domestic and foreign visitors. In the first nine months of 2024, the number...


Kazakhstan, Xinjiang Aim to Double Trade, Establish Cooperation Council with Hong Kong

ASTANA – Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister Serik Zhumangarin met with Ma Xingrui, Secretary of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) Communist Party, on Dec. 6 in Urumqi,...


Tokayev Highlights UN Reform and Middle Power Roles at Doha Forum

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev participated in the opening ceremony of the Doha Forum on Dec. 7, where he joined a Newsmaker Interview session. He emphasized the...


How Geopolitics Reshapes Oil Routes Across Eurasia

ASTANA – In recent years, geopolitical shifts have redrawn trade routes and significantly impacted global energy markets. One notable development is the rising relevance of delivering Russian...


Discover Aktobe: History, Landmarks and Natural Wonders

Editor’s Note: The Astana Times continues its series of articles, Exploring Kazakhstan, City by City, in the marvelous city of Aktobe. We are setting out to unveil...


EAEU Nations Advance Tourism as Economic Priority

ASTANA – The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states, Kazakhstan, Armenia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Belarus, and Russia prioritize tourism development as part of their economic integration agenda....


Brazza Monkeys and Rare Albino Wallabies Find New Home at Karagandy Zoo

ASTANA — The Karagandy Zoo has welcomed two remarkable new additions: a family of rare Brazza monkeys and a pair of albino wallabies. The monkeys, a gift...


Kazakh Woman Swims Antarctica, Achieves Historic Feat in Ice Waters

ASTANA — Anel Sytdykova, a trailblazing athlete from Kazakhstan, became the first Kazakh woman to swim in Antarctica’s icy waters on Nov. 12, completing the 750-meter swim...


Kazakh, Qatari Leaders Strengthen Strategic Ties Following Doha Forum

ASTANA — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with Qatar’s Emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, in Doha on Dec. 7 to discuss strategic partnerships and joint investments....


President Tokayev’s Visit to Qatar To Enhance Energy, Investment Projects

ASTANA — Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev arrived in Qatar for a working visit to participate in the Doha Forum and discuss renewable energy and investment projects with...


Survey Reveals Optimism and Trust Among Kazakh Citizens in 2024

ASTANA —  A sociological survey conducted by the Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies (KazISS) offered insights into public sentiment about the conclusion of 2024. Despite global challenges,...


Young Kazakh Accordionist Wins First World Trophy for Kazakhstan

ASTANA — Nasyr Tarlabek, a 10-year-old prodigy from Kazakhstan, has made history by winning the Confédération Mondiale de l’Accordéon (CMA) World Accordion Championship, held Nov. 25-30 in...


Kazakh Tourists Surpass One Million Trips Abroad in 2024

ASTANA — Over one million Kazakh citizens traveled abroad this year, with Türkiye as top destination, reported Kazinform, based on data from the Turistik Kamkor (Tourist Aid)...


Kazakhstan Enters Top 50 in World Prosperity Index

ASTANA – Kazakhstan ranked 49th out of 186 nations with 47.36 points, ahead of Russia, Türkiye, China and Central Asian countries, in the World Prosperity Index, published...


News Digest: Foreign Media on One Water Summit, Exhibition in Almaty and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has selected articles from global media outlets covering Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest covers the One Water Summit, an exhibition in...


China to Launch Trial Transportation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Along Middle Corridor This Month

ASTANA – China plans to launch the trial transportation of lithium-ion batteries from China along the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), or the Middle Corridor, this month....


Kazakhstan’s Grain Exports to Reach 12 Million Tons This Year  

ASTANA – The volume of Kazakhstan’s grain exports may reach 12 million tons this year. The key sales markets will include Central Asia, China, Afghanistan, Italy, and...


OPEC+ Extends Production Cuts Until End of 2026

ASTANA – The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and non-OPEC partners, a group of oil exporters called OPEC+, agreed on Dec. 5 to extend the overall...