Global Enthusiasm for Zhamby Atu, Kazakh Horseback Archery, is on Rise

ASTANA – A sport that combines marksmanship with exceptional equestrian skills, zhamby atu or Kazakh traditional horseback archery, captivates more and more fans in Kazakhstan and around...


National Dombra Day Embraces Rhythm of Kazakh Culture 

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has celebrated National Dombra Day on the first Sunday of July since 2018, fostering a deep appreciation of Kazakh traditions and native culture. The...


Tokayev Highlights TURKTIME Initiatives During Kazakhstan’s OTS Chairmanship

ASTANA – Regional stability, connectivity, and climate action are among the top priorities for Kazakhstan’s chairmanship of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), said President Kasym-Jomart Tokayev...


Kazakhstan Showcases Tourism Opportunities and Nomad Games to International Audience

ASTANA — The Directorate for the Preparation and Holding of the Fifth World Nomad Games hosted a special presentation for foreign diplomats and journalists on July 5...


Kazakhstan, Paradise on Earth

Editor’s Note: The Astana Times has introduced a new section on the website that features articles by our readers. As a platform that values diverse perspectives and...


Kazakhstan Committed to Improve Seismic Safety

ASTANA – Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov signed a comprehensive development plan for the seismological industry for 2024-2028 on July 5. According to the Prime Minister’s press...


Astana Marks 26 Years of Transformation and Growth

ASTANA – This year, the Kazakh capital celebrates its 26th anniversary on July 6. This day holds deep historical and cultural significance, symbolizing the country’s achievements. On...


SCO summit in Astana Seeks to Understand Global Redistribution of Power

On July 4, Astana hosted the SCO summit, shaping the future development of Eurasian processes. These processes range from changes in energy supply routes to resolving issues...


Kazakhstan Sets to Implement Ambitious Projects With China, Iran

ASTANA—The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit on July 4 proved highly productive. It facilitated bilateral meetings that led to significant projects for Kazakhstan. Alongside adopting pivotal documents,...


Kazakhstan Highlights Afforestation Efforts at Global Conference

ASTANA — Advisor to President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and Special Representative on International Environmental Cooperation Zulfiya Suleimenova emphasized Kazakhstan’s commitment to biodiversity and ecosystem preservation, essential for sustainable...


SCO Summit: Kazakh, Foreign Experts Share Insights Following Major Event 

ASTANA – Kazakh and foreign experts shared their views after the 24th summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which...


News Digest: Foreign Media on SCO Summit, Kazakh-Chinese Ties and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has selected articles from global media outlets covering Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest includes articles on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)...


Vibrant Array of Events to Celebrate Astana Day

ASTANA – Kazakhstan’s vibrant young capital is gearing up to celebrate its 26th anniversary with a grand array of festivities. In honor of this milestone, the city...


Kazakhstan Explores Cooperation Prospects With Mongolia, Turkmenistan & India

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held bilateral talks with foreign high officials following the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit, which took place on July 4 in the...


Azerbaijan – Kazakhstan Strategic Partnership: A New Geopolitical Axis?

Among the many significant geopolitical consequences of the conflict in Ukraine has been the boost in regional integration between post-Soviet states, which has long been limited to...


World Nomad Games Participants Showcase Equestrian Skills at International Festival 

ASTANA — The participants of the fifth World Nomad Games performed at the international festival in the Almaty Region on July 4.  According to Inbusiness.kz, equestrian competitions...


Outgoing SCO Secretary-General Commends Kazakh Leadership, Summit Success at Media Briefing

ASTANA — Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Zhang Ming congratulated President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev on the successful summit and Kazakhstan’s presidency during a media briefing on...


SCO Leaders Emphasize Strategic Dialogue and Economic Cooperation at Summit

ASTANA — Chinese President Xi Jinping, whose country assumed the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) chairmanship, emphasized the organization’s role as a guarantor of common and sustainable security...


Kazakh President Outlines Strategies to Boost Multilateral Cooperation at SCO+ Forum

ASTANA — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev proposed several key strategies to foster multilateral cooperation among the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states at the inaugural SCO+ format during...


Experts Reflect on Kazakhstan’s Chairmanship as SCO Summit Concludes in Astana

ASTANA – As the 24th summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) continues in Astana, experts reflect on the significance of the event in current geopolitical dynamics...


Nurlan Yermekbayev Appointed SCO Secretary General for 2025-2027

ASTANA — Nurlan Yermekbayev has been appointed Secretary General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for the period of 2025-2027. His appointment was announced at the SCO...


World Nomad Games Exhibition Introduces Event to SCO Summit Guests 

ASTANA —  The Directorate for the Preparation and Holding of the fifth World Nomad Games launched the Meeting in the Great Steppe exhibition at the Palace of...


UN Secretary-General Urges SCO to Leverage Influence for Peace, Warns of Global Existential Threats

ASTANA — The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) — the largest regional organization in the world — has the power and the responsibility to push for peace, said...


President Tokayev Unveils Strategic Vision for SCO Members as Kazakhstan’s Chairmanship Concludes

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev outlined critical strategic directions for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states during his address at the 24th summit of the SCO...


SCO Summit Adopts Astana Declaration, Reaches Strategic Agreements

ASTANA — The 24th summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on July 4 adopted the Astana Declaration and approved...


Kazakhstan Holds 3.8 Trillion Cubic Meters of Recoverable Gas Reserves

ASTANA—Kazakhstan’s proven recoverable gas reserves stand at 3.8 trillion cubic meters, comprising 2.2 trillion cubic meters of associated gas and 1.6 trillion cubic meters of natural gas,...


Kazakhstan’s Population Exceeded 20 Million 

ASTANA — The Kazakh Bureau of National Statistics released demographic data on July 3, stating Kazakhstan’s population has hit 20.1 million as of June 1.  The population...


Prominent Kazakh Soloists Perform at Concert for Kazakh, Chinese Presidents

ASTANA — Kazakh opera star Maira Mukhamedkyzy and world-famous Kazakh pop singer Dimash Kudaibergen made a short performance for Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and Chinese President Xi...


SCO Welcomes Belarus As Its 10th Member State

ASTANA – The 24th summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) began with a signing ceremony to admit Belarus as...


UN Secretary-General Meets with IOM Goodwill Ambassador Dimash Kudaibergen

ASTANA— UN Secretary-General António Guterres met with Dimash Kudaibergen, the Goodwill Ambassador for the International Organization for Migration (IOM) – UN Migration Agency in Astana on July...


Saz&Soul Captivates Houston with Unforgettable Performance

ASTANA — The Kazakh musical ensemble Saz&Soul has charmed American audiences with a spectacular performance at Warehouse Live in Houston, Texas, on June 25, reported the Qazaq...


Kazakh Foreign Ministry Briefs International Journalists Ahead of SCO Summit

ASTANA—The Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs hosted a briefing for international journalists to discuss Kazakhstan’s foreign policy, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)...


SCO Summit Kicks Off in Astana

ASTANA — The 24th summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), chaired by Kazakhstan, commences today at the Palace of...


Kazakh President Welcomes Emir of Qatar, Acknowledges Ongoing Support

ASTANA – Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev thanked the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, for his personal participation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)...


UN Secretary-General Outlines Kazakhstan’s Important Role in Ensuring Global Security & Peace

ASTANA – UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized Kazakhstan’s important role in ensuring global security and peace during a July 3 meeting with Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in...


Tokayev Meets with Azerbaijani President, Guest of Honor of SCO Summit

ASTANA — President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, who arrived on July 3 to participate in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit...


Tokayev Underlines Significance of Tajik President’s Attendance at SCO Summit

ASTANA – President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev underlined the significance of President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon’s attendance at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit during a July...


Here’s What You Need to Know about SCO Summit in Astana

ASTANA—Astana is preparing to host the 24th summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on July 3-4. The summit promises...


Kazakh Government Allocates Over $25 Million to Compensate Business Losses After Floods

ASTANA — The Kazakh government adopted a resolution allocating 12 billion tenge (US$25.5 million) to compensate businesses for property losses after massive floods. So far, regional commissions...


Chinese Global Leader in Clean Energy Signs Multimillion-Dollar Agreements for New Kazakh Projects

ASTANA — Kazakh business representatives and the Power Construction Corporation of China (POWERCHINA), a global leader in clean and low-carbon energy, water resources, and environmental construction, signed...


Xi Jinping: China Will Always Be Reliable Support for Kazakhstan

ASTANA – China will always be a reliable support for Kazakhstan, said Chinese President Xi Jinping during a July 3 meeting with Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in...


Dimash Kudaibergen Reflects on Kazakh-Chinese Friendship in CGTN Project

ASTANA—Kazakh singer Dimash Kudaibergen participated in the Ideas Change project by the Chinese TV channel CGTN, marking President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Kazakhstan. The heroes of...


Kazakh, Chinese Business Leaders Ink 40 Multibillion-Dollar Agreements

ASTANA – Kazakh and Chinese business leaders inked over 40 agreements worth $3.7 billion on the sidelines of the Kazakh-Chinese Business Council on July 2. The event...


UN Secretary-General Arrives in Kazakhstan to Attend SCO Summit, Hold Talks  

ASTANA – UN Secretary-General António Guterres has arrived in Almaty with an official visit on July 3. Guterres was greeted by Kazakh Deputy Foreign Minister Akan Rakhmetullin,...


Spring Floodwaters Elevate Caspian Sea Levels

ASTANA – In April and May, the abundant flow of floodwaters along the Zhaiyk River replenished the northeastern part of the Caspian Sea by 119 centimeters, the...


Kazakh-Chinese Media Event Cross-Promotes Tourism and Cultural Heritage

ASTANA – Kazakhstan and China launched several media projects to promote tourism and bilateral cultural interests at the cultural exchange event on July 2 in Astana. Titled...


Prominent Diplomat Madina Jarbussynova Reflects on Diplomatic Career, Kazakhstan’s Multi-Vector Policy

ASTANA—Kazakhstan marks the Day of Diplomatic Service on July 2, giving credit to thousands of unsung heroes who stand behind the scenes working towards the nation’s active...


Kazakhstan, China Deepen Cooperation in Energy and Road Infrastructure

ASTANA – Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov discussed issues of deepening investment cooperation in the energy industry with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Chairman Dai Houliang, who...


“We Are Committed to Fostering Investor-Friendly Environment,” Says Kazakh Deputy FM 

ASTANA – Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Nazira Nurbayeva shared insights on Kazakhstan’s initiatives to attract investments and outcomes of recent diplomatic visits to Asian countries in...


Kazakh President Signs Law to Enhance Science and Technology Policy

ASTANA – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed the law “On introducing amendments and additions to some legislative acts of Kazakhstan on issues of science and and technology policy,...


China’s Xi Outlines Vision for Strengthening China-Kazakhstan Partnership Ahead of SCO Summit

ASTANA – On July 2, Chinese President Xi Jinping published an article on Kazinform discussing the progress made in bilateral relations with Kazakhstan and outlining the growth...


Kazakh Service Officers Complete French Language Course for UN Peacekeeping Missions

ASTANA —  Seven service officers of the country’s armed forces completed the three-month French language course based on the Center for Peacekeeping Operations of the Kazakh Ministry...


Kazakhstan, China Enhance Trade Links with Middle Corridor Agreement

ASTANA — President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a law on the ratification of the agreement between the government of Kazakhstan and China governments to develop the Trans-Caspian International...


Kazakhstan Boosts Tourism Development with Major Investment Plan

ASTANA – Kazakhstan has allocated over five billion tenge (US$10.5 million) this year to develop its tourism industry, Khabar TV Channel reported on July 1. Last year,...


QazaqGaz, Chevron to Cooperate on Potential Geological Exploration at Kazakh Zhalibek Site

ASTANA — QazaqGaz national company and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed a cooperation agreement on July 1 regarding potential geological exploration at the...


China-Kazakhstan Economic Cooperation Paving Way for Next Golden Thirty Years

Chinese President Xi Jinping pays another visit to Kazakhstan on July  2-4 to attend the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, providing new impetus for the development of bilateral...


Tokayev Outlines Kazakh-Chinese Cooperation Vision, Discusses SCO’s Goals in Xinhua Interview

ASTANA — The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit participants will urge the international community to initiate an honest and open global dialogue, adopt a new security paradigm,...


Dimash Kudaibergen at New Vision Business Forum: I Have no Other Dream But to Benefit My People

ASTANA – Kazakh singer Dimash Kudaibergen took part in the large-scale New Vision: The Power of Business forum held on June 27-29 in Almaty under the auspices...


Kazakhstan’s Strategic Investment Plan to Boost Economic Growth, Attract Global Brands

ASTANA — Gabidulla Ospankulov, the chairman of the Investment Committee of the Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs, recently spoke about the nation’s ambitious strategies to attract investments,...


SCO Astana Summit: A New Era for Cooperation and Expansion

Hundreds of electrical vehicles are waiting for custom clearance at the dry port of Horgos (or Khorgos), a small city in China’s Xinjiang Autonomous Region bordering Kazakhstan....


Kazakhstan Secures 83 Licenses, Unveils 2024 Paris Olympics Uniform This Week

ASTANA – Kazakh team uniforms for the 2024 Paris Games will be officially presented on July 5, said Kazakh Deputy Minister of Tourism and Sports Serik Zharasbayev...


Eurasian Delegation Explores India’s Rich Cultural Heritage and Innovations

HYDERABAD – The Eurasian delegation of journalists from Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan embarked on a Familiarization Visit to...


EDB Forum Expands Partnership, Addresses Key Regional Challenges

ASTANA – Almaty hosted the annual meeting and business forum of the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) on June 27-28, bringing together representatives from multilateral development banks, international...


Mudflow in Kyrgyz Republic Claims Lives of Four Kazakh Children

ASTANA – Mudflow in the Nookat district of the Osh region in the Kyrgyz Republic on June 28 claimed the lives of four Kazakh children. Their bodies...


UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to Visit Kazakhstan This Week

ASTANA – The United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres will pay an official visit to Kazakhstan on July 3-4 as part of his trip to Central Asia.  According...


China’s President Xi Jinping to Pay State Visit to Kazakhstan, Attend SCO Summit This Week

ASTANA — President of China Xi Jinping will pay a state visit to Kazakhstan on July 2-4 at the invitation of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. According to the Akorda press service, Xi will...


Insights from Officials, Experts on President Tokayev’s Speech for Mass Media Workers’ Day

ASTANA – Experts and government officials expressed their views on President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev’s speech during a ceremony ahead of Mass Media Workers’ Day. State Counsellor Erlan Karin...


Kazakh Animation Industry to See Growth in Kazakh-Language Content

ASTANA – More stories will be told in Kazakh in the film and animation industry, Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov said in his response to the Senate (upper...


Kazakhstan’s Sergeant Corps Marks 28 Years of Excellence and International Commitment 

ASTANA – This year marks the 28th anniversary of the establishment of the Kazakh’s Armed Forces sergeant corps, celebrated on July 1. In 1996 the first cadet...


Sadak Atu: Reviving the Tradition of Kazakh Archery

ASTANA—Whether inspired by childhood games or tales of heroic archers, Kazakh archery, known as sadak atu, is becoming increasingly popular among people of all ages in Kazakhstan,...


Legendary Sacred Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan

ASTANA — In the North Kazakhstan Region, there are two unique bitter-saline lakes: Minkeser and Teke. They are considered “sacred’ by the locals and capture the imagination...


Save Berkuts: Kazakhstan Joins Forces to Protect Golden Eagle Population

ASTANA—The Kazakh Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources and Efes Kazakhstan signed a memorandum of intent on June 19 to implement the social project Save the Berkuts....


Premiere of Ballet Triptych “Sacred Dances” at Almaty Theatre

ASTANA — The Almaty Theatre will present the premiere of the ballet triptych “Sacred Dances” on July 11 and 12. Choreographed by Mukaram Avakhri and performed by...


Development Bank of Kazakhstan Independent Director on Risk-Taking, ESG, and Investments

ASTANA—Marcia Favale, a member of the board of directors and an independent director at the Development Bank of Kazakhstan (DBK), spoke to The Astana Times, sharing her...


President Tokayev Signs Law on Cargo Transportation Between Turkic Countries

ASTANA — Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed a law ratifying the agreement on international combined freight transport between the governments of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS)...


News Digest: Foreign Media on World Nomad Games, Critical Raw Material Deposits and More

ASTANA – The Astana Times has selected articles from global media outlets covering Kazakhstan. This week’s foreign media digest includes articles on the World Nomad Games, EU-Kazakh...


Zhas Qazaq Summer Camp Welcomes Over 250 Ethnic Kazakh Children

ASTANA — The Zhas (young) Qazaq summer ethno-camp for ethnic Kazakh children living abroad commenced at the IQanat High School of Burabay and will run until July...


Over 68% of Kazakh Citizens Reflect Optimism About Future

ASTANA — The Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies (KazISS) released results from a sociological survey conducted from May 11 to June 22, indicating 68.3% of citizens are...


Kazakhstan to Launch Industrial Development of Tungsten Ore Deposits

ASTANA—Kazakh First Deputy Prime Minister Roman Sklyar discussed a $350 million project to launch the industrial development of a tungsten ore deposit with executives of Jiaxin International...


Kazakhstan Poised to Contribute to Europe’s Green Deal

ASTANA – Kazakhstan is a reliable and secure raw material partner for Germany and Europe and can significantly contribute to achieving the goals of Europe’s Green Deal,...


Kazakh PM Assesses Small Aral Sea Conservation Efforts

ASTANA — Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov assessed advancements in water-saving technologies and infrastructure development efforts to preserve and expand the Small Aral Sea during his visit...


ITC Ready4Trade, OECD Central Asia Invest Projects Showcase Cooperation Achievements 

ASTANA—Two regional Central Asian projects funded by the European Union (EU) showcased their achievements in Almaty on June 26. These initiatives have supported Central Asian countries’ efforts...


Kazakhstan, IDB Sign Infrastructure Agreement to Construct Reservoirs, Highways

ASTANA—Minister of National Economy Nurlan Baibazarov signed a $ 2 billion Framework Program Agreement between the Kazakh government and the Islamic Development Bank to construct reservoirs and...


Last Weekend of June: Unmissable Adventures in Astana and Almaty

ASTANA – Fed up with weekends that just involve lounging at home and ordering takeout? With beautiful summer weather in the forecast, The Astana Times has created...


CICA Builds New Modern Premises in Astana

ASTANA—The Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) will build its new, modern headquarters in the Kazakh capital. Kazinform reported that the groundbreaking ceremony...


Kazakhstan, China Ink New Agreements Worth $629 Million to Boost Partnership

ASTANA—Kazakh and Chinese business leaders signed 17 cooperation documents worth $629 million on June 26 at the third interregional forum in Urumqi. The Prime Minister’s press service...


OSCE Spotlights Media Freedom, Democracy & Security at Almaty Event

ASTANA – The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Representative on Freedom of the Media (RFoM), Teresa Ribeiro, and Kazakh officials discussed the pressing topics...


Tokayev Highlights Journalists’ Role in Fostering Just Kazakhstan on Mass Media Workers’ Day

ASTANA – The media serves as the people’s voice, national messenger, and spiritual support for society, stated President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev during a ceremony on June 27, ahead...


Eurasian Development Bank Improves its Position in 2023

ASTANA — The Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) maintained financial stability and improved its position as a leading development institution in its region of operations in 2023, said...


Kazakh Government Considers Territorial Perspectives for a Greener Economy

ASTANA – The Kazakh Government convened a council meeting on the transition to a green economy to discuss measures for more balanced regional development to achieve carbon...


Kazakhstan and Middle Corridor: Impact on Global Trade

In the era of evolving trade dynamics, regional connectivity and geopolitical escalations, the emergence of the Middle Corridor has become a game changer in global commerce and...


AFSA Registers First Unified Investment Vehicle Offering Multiple Sub-Funds

ASTANA—The Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA) registered Fonte Emerging Markets Umbrella Fund OEIC Limited as the first umbrella fund in Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) on June...


Kazakh Rating Agency to Enhance Financial Market Infrastructure 

ASTANA—The Kazakh Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market (KARDFM) has developed a draft law to establish a national rating agency, aiming to enhance the...


Kazakhstan to Increase Checkpoint Capacity, Reduce Wait Times

ASTANA—The capacity of the checkpoints will be increased eightfold, reducing wait times from two hours to 25 minutes and minimizing corruption risks. The reconstruction of all checkpoints...


Kazakh Companies Showcase Their Products at China-Eurasia EXPO

ASTANA — Forty-five Kazakh companies take part in the China-Eurasia EXPO in Ürümqi, China from June 26 to 30. According to Kazinform, Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister Serik...


Two Kazakh Aviation Companies Enter World’s Top 100 Airlines 

ASTANA — The World Airline Awards ceremony announced the 100 best airlines in the world in 2024, with AirAstana and FlyArystan making it to the list, on...


Floods in Kazakhstan: State, Businesses Continue Assistance for Affected Families 

ASTANA — Kazakhstan continues addressing the flood aftermath and supporting affected citizens, said Deputy Prime Minister Kanat Bozumbayev at a Government meeting chaired by the Prime Minister...


New Almaty International Airport Showcases Its Facilities 

ASTANA— The President of Almaty International Airport, Goker Kose, hosted a press tour of the new terminal for journalists and discussed upcoming plans to advance the building...


Hannibal Star Mads Mikkelsen Set to Headline Comic Con Astana

ASTANA— Comic Con Astana festival announced its first star headliners, Mads Mikkelsen, renowned for his roles in Hannibal, Doctor Strange, Casino Royale, Rogue One: A Star Wars...


OSCE Chair-in-Office Outlines Kazakhstan’s Pivotal Role in OSCE History

ASTANA – Chair-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and Minister for Foreign, Trade and European Affairs of Malta, Ian Borg, underlined Kazakhstan’s...