Nation

How Kazakh Khanate Estimated Population Before Modern Statistics

By Aiman Nakispekova on 25 April 2026

ASTANA – Although nomadic society lacked formal statistical systems, Kazakhs developed their own methods to estimate population size. Instead of precise figures, they relied on social and administrative units such as ulus (state), ru (clan) and shanyrak (household), forming a system adapted to the realities of steppe life. According...