International

Resources Are Not Enough: How Energy Routes Are Becoming Geopolitical Battleground in Eurasia

By Aida Haidar on 27 August 2026

ASTANA — For decades, the geopolitics of energy was largely understood through a familiar map of resource abundance: the Persian Gulf held vast oil and gas reserves, Russia was a major supplier to Europe, and countries such as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan were important producers whose influence depended largely on...