Articles by Alyn Ware and Jonathan Granoff

Kazakhstan and Chain Reaction 2016 – From Nuclear Tests to a Nuclear Weapon Free World

On 29 August 1949, the Soviet Union detonated their first nuclear weapon, code-named First Lightning, a nuclear chain reaction that caused radioactive contamination over a large area of Kazakhstan. Over the next 40 years, the Soviet Union detonated another 455 nuclear weapons in Kazakhstan, 115 above ground and 340 underground. The damage to the people and…